Technicals – Water = H2O

Anything in water except H2O is called impurity.

TYPES OF IMPURITY

Total dissolve salts/solids = Hardness + Alkalinity + Chloride +

Total suspended solids = Turbidity, Colour

Dissolve gases = O2, Co2, N2, H2S

Bacteria = TBC, SRB, IRB, NRB, Protozoa, Lageionella (Causes odour)

pH of the water may be 0–14 , Neutral pH is = 7, Acidic pH is = <7.0 Alkaline pH is = > 7.0